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>With

>Ilhéu de Vila Franca.
>The annual cycle starts in the spring with the blooming of phytoplankton, which is then eaten by zooplankton. The abundant food brings baleen whales — such as blue, Bryde's, fin and sei whales — to collect the energy they need before starting their long migration to the cold Arctic waters. These itinerant whales share the expanse with sperm whales, both resident and migratory, which prey on squids in the deep channels of the archipelago. The seasonal aggregation of cetaceans, including schools of different dolphin species, in the spring and summer drives a growing whale-watching industry that brings many tourists, jobs and economic benefits to the central islands of Pico and Faial.
>Early summer brings clearer water and a different food chain, as plankton gives way to bait balls of forage fish. Sardines and other small fish swim hysterically in compact balls while trying to avoid the wide-open jaws of predators. Dolphins chase the small schools and compact them close to the sea surface, and then they swim below the schools and create nets of bubbles that look impassable to the fish. The fish panic and swim faster and faster, moving closer to each other and rising to the surface, where they cannot escape the jaws of predators coming from above and below. It is like a wedding banquet for tunas, mackerels, jacks and marine birds after months of starvation.
>Summer breezes bring to the archipelago sea turtles, mobula rays, mantas, whale sharks, blue sharks and large schools of fish, which gather in different areas by species. Blue sharks are off the shores of Pico and Faial islands, while whale sharks hang out in the warmer waters of Santa Maria. Groupers, wrasses and schools of triggerfish swim near the coastal dive spots, where morays hide in the holes of volcanic rocks. It is possible though rare to see trevallies, jacks, barracudas, bonitos or sunfish close to the coasts, especially near the small islands, but these encounters occur more frequently near the offshore bommies, which have a great diversity of species along with surprising food frenzies.
>Bluewater diving is not for novice divers who are not at ease in the water. Without points of reference from the seafloor or an adjacent reef, it's easy to feel disoriented; self-awareness and good buoyancy control are essential. In addition to the feelings of overt exposure is the knowledge that somewhere below and beyond the periphery of our vision are approaching sharks; our level of excitement begins to ebb and flow as curiosity and fear vie for attention.
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>Suspended in an unfamiliar three-dimensional world with our minds racing in a heightened state of awareness, we saw our first unmistakable blue shark. A fish of rare beauty and elegance, it has an elongated slim body and large, inquisitive eyes. The coloring of its body is perfect camouflage in the open ocean: The pristine blue on its back allows it to swim unnoticed and blend with the ocean when observed from above; from below, it appears as an invisible white when a predator looks toward the surface of the sea.
>Blue sharks unfortunately face an uncertain future due to modern threats of overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution and climate change. Traditional fishing in the Azores is known for its moderate impact on ecosystems, but industrial fishing and international longline fishing vessels are destroying the balance of an archipelago considered one of the last paradises on earth. Researchers have determined that the waters of the archipelago are one of the most important breeding grounds for blue sharks and other protected species of sharks, such as hammerheads. Studies based on long-term tracking of blue sharks throughout their life stages show that these animals remain near their nursery in the open ocean near the Azores for the first two years of life and then migrate throughout the North Atlantic. A consistent level of protection for the sharks of the Azores is essential for the entire ecosystem of the North Atlantic.
>Sperm whales, which were hunted for their oil, were one of the few whales that would float when dead. Using the traditional way of hunting in small boats, hunters could not hunt larger whales, and the persistence of long-established methods made these whalers unique. Azoreans began whaling in the 18th century, and 200 years later their process was largely the same. They hunted like the whalers described in Moby-Dick, using hand-thrown harpoons, lances and rowboats. The Museu dos Baleeiros (Museum of the Whalers) in Lajes do Pico has photographs and artifacts that give insight into the Azores whaling community. The last whale hunt in the Azores was in 1987.
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>A fragile yet tenacious bond between the bloody whaling business and the benign leisure activity of whale watching continues with the vigia, or watchman. The vigia historically spotted the whales, brought the local farmers running from the hillside and guided them to their quarry from the local lookout tower. Now trained vigias scan the ocean to help spot whales for tourists to see.
>Traditional boats, old whaling factories with machinery intact and other remnants of the whaling days remain. The Scrimshaw Museum at Faial contains pieces carved from the teeth of sperm whales with engravings and low reliefs. Tourists should refrain from buying scrimshaw, however, to discourage the collection of more dead whales for tourist paraphernalia.
>Back on the water we found the whale we had come to see. Being in a large rubber dinghy near a sperm whale that emerged to breathe air, emitting a cloud of mist from its blowhole, is something I will remember for the rest of my life. We were standing still with the engine off, feeling a surreal peace and silence. The surface was motionless, but we could feel the power and energy of the ocean. A large female sperm whale suddenly emerged several yards from the bow of the boat, moving us on the surface of the sea. I was unable to take a picture since the boat's movement changed the framing, but I will never forget the whale's gentleness and pinpoint accuracy to avoid us while coming close enough to get a look.

>almost 500 feet of stone corridors, making it fabulous scenery for underwater
>photography with a model.
>A testament to its volcanic origin, Santa Maria features a coastline with a diverse seafloor relief, giving dive sites an added geological interest with impressive caves formed by ancient lava flows. Coastal marine life is characterized by friendly dusky groupers, Mediterranean rainbow wrasses, damselfish and many others. Seamounts far from the coast, which are magnets for pelagic fish of the open ocean, are undoubtedly the best place to spot schools of amberjacks, yellowmouth barracudas or tunas chasing bait balls. On the trip from the islands to the high sea you can regularly spot several species of dolphins, sea birds and marine turtles along with the occasional sunfish or whale shark.
>Close to the island is the perfect place to observe and dive with Chilean devil rays (box rays), the cartilaginous fish that resemble manta rays. Rays approach close to the surface in a formation reminiscent of birds in flight, swimming with the graceful elegance of dancers. Wherever you find yourself, above or below the water, there are fascinating sights to behold.
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>Climate: The climate is mild in the Azores. Summers are warm and sunny with pleasant temperatures. Water temperatures range from 59ºF to 63ºF in the early spring and from 72ºF to 77ºF in the late summer. Strong winds can stir the sea in the winter. The frequent rainy periods are generally short.

>group of ornate wrasses swirling around a diver.
>Accommodations: The most common lodgings are fully equipped private apartments. There are some nice hotels, but the standards are lower than in the U.S. Dive centers can organize transportation from the hotels and apartments.
>Topside: Both English and Portuguese are widely spoken in what is officially known as the Portuguese Autonomous Region of the Azores. The currency is euros; credit cards are accepted in hotels and main restaurants. The U.S. Consulate in Ponta Delgada on São Miguel is the oldest continuously functioning U.S. consulate in the world. The Azores have two United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage sites: the Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroísmo on Terceira and the Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture on Pico.
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>© Alert Diver — Q2 Spring 2019